, Sugar-phosphate backbone: the two outer rails of the ladder, made of alternating deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups.
, Nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), the "rungs" that carry genetic information.
, Base pairs: A always pairs with T (2 hydrogen bonds); G always pairs with C (3 hydrogen bonds).
, Hydrogen bonds: the weak bonds holding the two strands together at each base pair.
, 5' and 3' ends: the two strands run in opposite directions (antiparallel), one strand runs 5' to 3', the other 3' to 5'.
, Major and minor grooves: the wider and narrower channels that wind along the outside of the helix.
, Single nucleotide: phosphate group + deoxyribose sugar + one nitrogenous base, the repeating monomer of a DNA strand.